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National Voter Registration Act of 1993
The National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (NVRA) (52 U.S.C. § 20501 - 52 U.S.C. § 20511) (formerly ), also known as The Motor Voter Act, is a piece of federal legislation in the United States that was signed into law by President Bill Clinton on May 20, 1993, and began to take effect on January 1, 1995. The law expanded voting rights by requiring state governments to offer voter registration opportunities to any eligible person who applies for or renews a driver's license or public assistance, requiring states to register applicants that use a federal voter registration form to apply, and prohibiting states from removing registered voters from the voter rolls unless certain criteria are met.
==Background==
After Congress enacted the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to address rampant voting discrimination against racial minorities, voting rights advocates began pushing for federal legislation to remove remaining barriers to voter registration. the basic requirements to vote are the same in all states. You have to be a U.S. citizen, of at least 18 years old and a resident of the state that he or she is voting in. However, initial legislative efforts to create national voter registration standards for federal elections failed. In the early 1970s, Congress considered several legislative proposals to require the U.S. Census Bureau to mail voter registration forms to every household, none of which passed. In the mid and late 1970s, legislative proposals to require certain public agency offices to make voter registration forms available and to require states to allow Election Day voter registration failed. Similar bills introduced throughout the 1980s also failed.
Nonetheless, Congress did pass two pieces of legislation in the 1980s that made voter registration for federal elections more accessible for certain disadvantaged populations. In 1984, Congress passed the Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act, which requires that states make available to elderly and handicapped voters "a reasonable number of accessible permanent registration facilities" and registration aids, and the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (1986) required states to mail federal voter registration forms to overseas and military voters and permit them to register by mail.〔
In light of low voter turnout in federal elections throughout the 1980s, Congress returned its attention to creating general voter registration standards in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Members of Congress introduced a series of "motor voter" bills that would require state motor vehicle agencies to offer voter registration opportunities to clients applying for driver's licenses. The first of these bills, the National Voter Registration Act of 1989, passed in the House of Representatives with bipartisan support, but it stalled in the Senate. A similar bill, the National Voter Registration Act of 1991, gained less bipartisan support; it passed in both the Senate and the House, but it was vetoed by President George H.W. Bush. Two years later, Congress considered a nearly identical bill: the National Voter Registration Act of 1993.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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